Cold exposure

nad mitochondrialstress neuroendocrine

Not a regulated product. No approval pathway exists for this intervention in any market, and none is required to practise it.

1 trial had no control group; it improved its main endpoint. 1 trial reported no pre-planned main endpoint.

In people: 2 trials (49 people, 20 weeks).

Evidence map

each mark is a study; size shows participants; hover, tap or focus for details

main endpoints improvedno effectworsenedmixedobservationalanother intervention, contextsize not reported

Higher rows are closer to a person taking this. A case that rests only on the lower rows rests on animals or cells.

What each study measured

outlined square: the main (primary) endpoint

Harms reported

human studies

Where it is available

by regulator; select a market for its source

If you are tracking this yourself

measures the human studies used, by how repeatable they are

Repeatability is whether the same person measured twice gets the same number. It is not statistical significance. It informs study or protocol design only, never advice for a person.

What would change this picture

each study's own statement

Trials under way

Every study (2)

T7 Gentile 2025 Mindfulness training combined with cold water immersion effects on mood and perception of executive functioning in middle-aged and older adults: a pilot study doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1693026
T7 Chiriac 2013 Basal cell carcinomas in elderly patients treated by cryotherapy doi:10.2147/cia.s42174