Creatine (muscle energy buffer)

nad mitochondrial

Sold as a consumer product in 1 of 9 markets tracked.

1 randomized trial (73 people, 8 weeks). Of its 2 main endpoints, 1 improved, 1 showed no effect.

Doses studied: 1 sachet/day.

Evidence map

each mark is a study; size shows participants; hover, tap or focus for details

main endpoints improvedno effectworsenedmixedobservationalanother intervention, contextsize not reported

Higher rows are closer to a person taking this. A case that rests only on the lower rows rests on animals or cells.

What each study measured

outlined square: the main (primary) endpoint

Harms reported

human studies

Where it is available

by regulator; select a market for its source

If you are tracking this yourself

measures the human studies used, by how repeatable they are

Repeatability is whether the same person measured twice gets the same number. It is not statistical significance. It informs study or protocol design only, never advice for a person.

What would change this picture

each study's own statement

Trials under way

Every study (6)

T7 Chen 2025 Effects of a Multi-Ingredient MCT-Leucine-Creatine Supplement (TLN-01) on Muscle Mass, Strength, and Amino Acid Metabolomics in Older Adults with Sarcopenia: A Randomized Controlled Trial doi:10.3390/life16081334
T5 Gong 2026 Association between the serum creatine kinase level and all-cause mortality in centenarians: a prospective cohort study in China doi:10.3389/fendo.2026.1773804
T3 Schuenke 2011 Interactions of Aging, Overload, and Creatine Supplementation in Rat Plantaris Muscle doi:10.4061/2011/393416
TX Sumien 2018 Creatine, Creatine Kinase, and Aging doi:10.1007/978-981-13-2835-0_6
TX Yao 2026 Effects of resistance training combined with creatine supplementation on muscle strength, physical function, and muscle mass in older adults: a systematic review and three-level meta-analysis doi:10.3389/fnut.2026.1919884
TX Smith-Ryan 2021 Creatine Supplementation in Women's Health: A Lifespan Perspective doi:10.3390/nu13030877