Social connection

stress neuroendocrineinflammation redox

Not a regulated product. No approval pathway exists for this intervention in any market, and none is required to practise it.

Evidence so far is from observational studies in people.

Evidence map

each mark is a study; size shows participants; hover, tap or focus for details

main endpoints improvedno effectworsenedmixedobservationalanother intervention, contextsize not reported

Higher rows are closer to a person taking this. A case that rests only on the lower rows rests on animals or cells.

What each study measured

outlined square: the main (primary) endpoint

Harms reported

human studies

Where it is available

by regulator; select a market for its source

If you are tracking this yourself

measures the human studies used, by how repeatable they are

Repeatability is whether the same person measured twice gets the same number. It is not statistical significance. It informs study or protocol design only, never advice for a person.

What would change this picture

each study's own statement

Trials under way

Every study (6)

T5 Foster 2023 Social connection and mortality in UK Biobank: a prospective cohort analysis doi:10.1186/s12916-023-03055-7
T5 Wolde 2025 Social Isolation and Mortality in Older Adults in Sweden: A Cohort Study doi:10.3389/ijph.2025.1608729
T5 Ran 2026 Social isolation and loneliness and mortality among cancer survivors: a prospective cohort study doi:10.3389/fonc.2026.1908858
T5 Högnäs 2020 Adolescent social isolation and premature mortality in a Swedish birth cohort doi:10.1007/s12546-019-09237-6
T5 Shye 1995 Gender differences in the relationship between social network support and mortality: a longitudinal study of an elderly cohort doi:10.1016/0277-9536(94)00404-h
T5 Czaja 2021 Social Isolation and Loneliness Among Older Adults Living Alone: Relationships to Health, Depression, and Cognition doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.728658